Tamil Nadu government has consistently increased its expenditure on the social sector, rising from ₹1,13,268 crore in 2021-22 to ₹1,57,864 crore in 2025-26 (RE). Over time, the State has built one of India’s most extensive and innovative welfare architectures, the Survey said.

Programmes such as Naan Mudhalvan, Pudhumai Penn, Tamizh Pudhalvan, the Chief Minister’s Breakfast Scheme, Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thittam, and large-scale housing and urban renewal initiatives expand capabilities, reduce household risk, and strengthen aspirations. These interventions are not merely redistributive; they stabilise consumption, sustain domestic demand, and enable workers to avoid distress-driven employment.