This special report examines the debate ignited by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s critique of Thomas Babington Macaulay’s influence on India’s education system. The discussion convenes experts including historian William Dalrymple, author Amish Tripathi, Professor Rakesh Sinha, Professor Shruti Kapila, scholar Dr. Suraj Yengde, and historian Professor Aditya Mukherjee. At the core is whether English education, shaped by Macaulay’s 1835 ‘Minute on Education’, created a ‘colonial mindset’ or provided modern values and a global advantage. The program explores the push for decolonisation of education and traditional knowledge systems, the ‘India versus Bharat’ binary, and the role of English as an aspirational language. Adding another dimension, Dr. Suraj Yengde suggests the conflict is not ‘Modi versus Macaulay, but Manu versus Macaulay’. This analysis questions whether the discourse represents a political conflict or a significant cultural turning point for the nation, examining its effects on indigenous languages and knowledge.